On Linux systems, there is no default password set.
To set the default password:
Run the psql command from the postgres user account:
postgres
sudo -u postgres psql postgres
Set the password:
\password postgres
Enter a password.
Close psql.
\q
Source: https://docs.boundlessgeo.com/suite/1.1.1/dataadmin/pgGettingStarted/firstconnect.html